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The purpose of collecting data is not to produce more data.

It is to identify what needs to change.

From data to a sequenced set of actionsSchematic
01The Action Matrix

The Action Matrix is central to the Justice Audit.

The Action Matrix turns findings into a sequenced set of actions. It links priorities to evidence and identifies the institutions responsible for implementation.

  1. 01FindingWhat the evidence shows
  2. 02ActionThe practical measure
  3. 03ResponsibleThe institution accountable
  4. 04TimeframeWhen the action should begin and be completed
  5. 05IndicatorHow progress is measured

An Action Matrix, in miniature

Illustrative example

Illustrative Action Matrix: findings, actions, responsible institutions, timeframes and indicators for five justice institutions.
Institution Finding Action Responsible Timeframe Indicator
P4Police Suspects are held beyond legal time limits; custody registers are incomplete. A standard custody register, with a daily supervisory review. Police Quick win0–6 months Share of detainees brought before a court within the legal time limit
P3Prosecution Hearings are adjourned because files are incomplete or witnesses have not been summoned. A joint police–prosecution file-readiness check before a case is listed. Prosecution service, with police Quick win0–6 months Adjournments per case, by recorded reason
P2Courts The backlog is concentrated in a few high-volume courts, where the oldest cases wait longest. A Court Audit to develop Case Management Orders (CMOs) targeting the oldest pending cases. Judiciary and court administration Quick win0–6 months Clearance rate; age of the pending caseload
P6Courts Paper registries leave no reliable record of case age or status across institutions. Electronic case management, with one case identifier across the justice chain. Ministry of Justice and judiciary System reform12–36 months Share of courts reporting case data electronically
P1Prisons A large share of prisoners are unsentenced; some have been held longer than the likely sentence. A case-by-case review of remand detainees eligible for lawful release. Prison service, with prosecution and courts Quick win0–6 months Number of remand cases reviewed; lawful releases; duration of pre-trial detention
P5Legal aid Legal aid is concentrated in the capital; few accused are represented at first appearance. A funded national scheme of early legal advice, with paralegals in under-served districts. Legal aid body, Ministry of Justice and bar association System reform12–36 months Share of accused with advice at first appearance, by district

The findings, actions, rankings and timings are illustrative. P1 is the highest priority. In an assignment, priorities are assessed against urgency, likely impact, feasibility and cost.

What an Action Matrix is designed to do

  • Links findings directly to practical measures
  • Ranks priorities by urgency, impact, feasibility and cost
  • Separates quick wins from system reforms
  • Identifies responsible institutions, resource implications and indicators
In practiceThe real instrument

The dashboards allow Justice Investment Options to be filtered by type of investment, case process stage, target institution and justice value added; the Ethiopia dashboard also includes a UN agency filter. Selected Sri Lanka Action Matrix options are reproduced below; filter them by type of investment.

Dashboard · Justice Snapshot Ethiopia · 2021Live dashboard (opens in a new tab)
Justice Snapshot Ethiopia dashboard: the Action Matrix of investment options arranged by police, OAG / MoJ, legal services, court, prison and cross-institutional measures, filtered by UN agency (UNDP) and justice value added (capacity to deliver justice), with non-matching options faded.
Fig. 01a – Action Matrix filtered by UN agency (UNDP) and justice value addedJustice Snapshot Ethiopia, 2021
Type of investmentMarginalised and vulnerable groups

Police

  • Training programmeDevelop guidelines for police on special considerations when working with children with disabilities and train officers to implement the guidelines.
  • Case processingIssue directives to ensure bail is not withheld due to the poverty of the accused.
  • Case processingIssue a directive to police to bring charges under section 78 of the Drugs Ordinance in appropriate circumstances, rather than section 54.

AGD

  • Case processingImplement prosecution guidelines that must be followed by the AGD when prosecuting.

Legal services

  • Human resourceEnsure all LACs have a full complement of administrative staff.
  • Human resourcePilot Public Defenders in Colombo.
  • Human resourceEstablish paralegal advisory services in support of in-house attorneys and panel lawyers.
  • Human resourceEstablish paralegal advisory services at police stations.
  • Human resourceEstablish paralegal advisory services at court.
  • Human resourceEstablish paralegal advisory services in prison in support of unrepresented remand prisoners.
  • Human resourceEstablish paralegal advisory services in prison in support of unrepresented sentenced prisoners on appeal.
  • Material resourceReview vehicle fleet needs primarily in remote locations.
  • Built infrastructureEnsure all LACs have office space with appropriate facilities, including staff toilets for men and women and access for persons with disabilities.
  • Built infrastructureEnsure all LACs have public waiting areas and accessible public toilets, including for persons with disabilities.

Court

  • Human resourceReview judicial appointment and promotion criteria to identify structural or informal barriers.
  • Human resourceIntroduce transparent, merit-based progression pathways with gender-sensitive safeguards.
  • Human resourceImprove security at court and home, especially for Magistrates.
  • Human resourceConduct full review of judges’ security at court and at home.
  • Human resourceIncrease number of mudliyars and translators.
  • Training programmeEnsure all magistrates receive specialised training in child rights and child justice.
  • Training programmeSensitise all judges on principles relating to rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
  • Case processingDevelop guidelines on child-friendly court procedures.
  • Case processingDevelop guidelines for the judiciary on special considerations when working with children with disabilities and orient judges on the implementation of the guidelines.
  • Human resourceEstablish help desks at district and magistrates’ courts, staffed by LAPs.

Prison

  • Human resourceIntegrate gender equity indicators into performance assessments of prison administration leadership.
  • Human resourceEstablish minimum healthcare staffing norms aligned with WHO guidelines.
  • Human resourceIntegrate prison healthcare staffing plans into national health workforce planning.
  • Human resourceCreate incentives (salary uplifts, career credit, rural service allowances) to attract and retain medical professionals in prisons.
  • Human resourceCreate dedicated mental health cadres within prisons (psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses).
  • Case processingMandate mental health screening at admission and periodic follow-up.
  • Case processingImplement a follow-up programme for prisoners released on bail, in coordination with community police.
  • Human resourceReview prison capacity to deliver effective vocational and rehabilitation programmes (including reviewing remuneration rates and revitalising work-release schemes for prisoners).

Cross-institutional

  • Human resourceIntroduce gender-responsive HR policies, including leadership development, mentoring, and transparent promotion pathways for women.
  • Human resourceSet time-bound targets or minimum representation thresholds for women in senior and middle management.
  • Human resourceEstablish provincial branches of the Department of Government Analyst to accelerate the judicial process.
  • Human resourceEstablish research / statistical units in each justice institution at district level to collect and analyse disaggregated data (including on gender-based violence and environmental justice).
  • Governance & oversightEstablish coordination committees at district level to improve cooperation mechanisms between criminal justice agencies.
  • Human resourceEnhance the role of the DCBC in managing non-violent offenders. Position CBCs as a central pillar of criminal justice policy, not a residual service and treat CBC infrastructure as a strategic investment with high returns in reduced prison overcrowding.
Fig. 01b – Selected Action Matrix options by target institutionJustice Snapshot Sri Lanka 2025 (2024 data)
02Quick wins and system reforms

What can change now – and what needs sustained commitment.

The Action Matrix separates the two, so early, visible results do not wait for structural reform – and structural reform is not mistaken for a quick fix.

Quick wins

Changes achievable within months.

Administrative and operational improvements that can begin without waiting for wholesale legislative reform – reviewing remand cases, listing the oldest cases, tightening custody records.

System reforms

Changes requiring sustained investment and political commitment.

Structural reforms carried through a mandate – legislation, information systems, infrastructure and people – sequenced so that each builds on the evidence of the last.

Fig. 02 – Illustrative timing: four quick wins within six months and two system reforms over three yearsIllustrative

Priorities are ranked by

  • Urgency
  • Impact
  • Feasibility
  • Cost
03The Roadmap

An agreed measure of implementation.

The Roadmap sets out agreed measures of progress to track implementation over time. The illustrative example below uses 12, 24 and 36 months.

Illustrative example – all baselines, targets and measured values below are fictional.

Illustrative Roadmap: fictional baselines, targets at 12, 24 and 36 months, and measured values at 12 and 24 months
IndicatorBaseline12 months24 months36 months
Pre-trial detainees as a share of the prison population70%target 62%, measured 61% (on track)target 55%, measured 59% (off track)target 48%
Clearance rate in priority courts82%target 90%, measured 91% (on track)target 95%, measured 97% (on track)target 100%
Accused with legal advice at first appearance12%target 25%, measured 18% (off track)target 40%, measured 41% (on track)target 60%
Fig. 03 – Illustrative Roadmap: fictional measurements at 12 and 24 months compared with agreed targetsIllustrative

Its transparency promotes accountability – which makes the Roadmap a powerful tool of governance.

  • 01Agreed indicators and targets
  • 02Measures of progress over time
  • 03Progress visible to government, institutions and partners
In practiceSelected Sri Lanka Roadmap indicators, 2026–2030

The Sri Lanka Justice Snapshot set 2024 baselines for justice sector resources, with targets for 2026, 2028 and 2030. The table presents selected resource indicators, showing available 2024 baseline data and targets or qualitative goals through 2030.

  • 2024 baseline
  • 2026 · 2028
  • 2030 target

Share of institutions, 0–100%

Selected Sri Lanka Roadmap indicators: 2024 baselines with targets for 2026, 2028 and 2030. The selected court-resource indicators target 100% by 2030; lower courts with digital recording facilities rise from 10% to 100%, circuit and remote courts with transport from 0% to 100%.
Indicator0%100%Baseline 2024202620282030
Lower courts with access to the internet72%75%85%100%
Lower courts with digital recording facilities10%15%60%100%
Lower courts with display monitors30%40%75%100%
Courts with victim-sensitive infrastructure50%60%80%100%
Courts with adequate security, including equipment55%60%80%100%
Judicial residences with adequate security14%20%50%100%
Circuit and remote courts with transport0%5%50%100%
LACs with a full complement of administrative staff70%75%85%100%
Police and prisons providing prompt access to legal aid servicesNo data10%25%50%
Prisons with minimum healthcare staffing norms (WHO)2.5 per 1,000 prisoners——5 per 1,000 prisoners
Prisons with asset-management framework30% fleet >10 years old———
Prisons in PPPs with community-based providersNo data——100%
Fig. 03a – Selected Roadmap indicators: justice sector resourcesJustice Snapshot Sri Lanka 2025 (2024 data)
04Sustainability

Audit. Act. Measure again.

The Audit is intended to be updated at regular intervals. Justice Snapshots repeat the core indicators, so the direction and pace of change can be seen – and progress is demonstrated rather than asserted.

  1. 1

    Justice Audit

    Establish what is actually happening.

  2. 2

    Action

    Target the bottlenecks.

  3. 3

    Justice Snapshot

    Measure what changed.

  4. 4

    Outcome

    • Better justice
    • Stronger institutions
    • Lower legal risk
    • Greater confidence

Justice in 100 Days – a proposed cycle across a mandate

Justice in 100 Days
  1. Day 100Justice Snapshot + Court Audit and/or Prison Audit as needed + priority reform programmeWhere are we starting from?
  2. Year 1Justice SnapshotWhat changed?
  3. Year 2Justice SnapshotAre reforms producing results?
  4. End of mandateJustice AuditWhat did the Government change?
A national team in a training room reviewing justice data on laptops, with a diagram of connected nodes on the whiteboard.
05National capacity

Built to be maintained by the institutions themselves.

National researchers and practitioners work with teams drawn from the network maintained by Governance and Justice Group (GJG) and Justice Mapping (JM). They help collect, analyse and validate the evidence, building capacity to maintain and update Justice Audit data.

“The data belong to the government and institutions concerned.”

Justice Snapshot dashboards
  • Repeatable Justice Snapshots
  • Data and tools can be transferred to national partners
  • National expertise in analysis and validation
National expertise in every Audit
→Start a conversation

Start with the question you are facing.

Start with a conversation about a specific problem. Choose the one closest to yours and tell us a little about your context.

  1. 01Could a Justice Audit work in your country?
  2. 02Planning justice reform in the first 100 days?
  3. 03Preparing for EU accession?
  4. 04Examining justice and the investment environment?
  5. 05Need to understand court backlog or prison overcrowding?